In 1976, a 26 year-old Gillian Armstrong released Smokes and Lollies, a documentary looking at the lives of Kerry, Josie and Diana – three 14 year-old working class girls from suburban Adelaide. The documentary's soulful, yet honest, portrayal of the girls and their lives captured the hearts and imaginations of many Australians and provided a stark portrayal of Australia's social and cultural fabric of the time. Armstrong went on to film the girls over the ensuing years, releasing 14's Good 18's Better (1980), Bingo Bridesmaids and Braces (1988) and Not Fourteen Again (1996). Now, 14 years since she last visited these women, Armstrong has released Love Lust & Lies, the fifth documentary in the series, which will have its Canberra premier this August at the National Film and Sound Archive's Arc Cinema.
The documentary will be screened as part of Arc Cinema's regular program of Australian films, a program which Quentin Turnour, NFSA's chief programmer describes as "running both contemporary and historic films and documentaries, as part of the archive's role to preserve and display Australia's history." As Turnour suggests, Arc Cinema's screening of Australian films generally focuses on classics, films which are rarely seen, or contemporary films which or only given limited release.
"A lot of films don't get to Canberra, because it's a small city with a limited number of screens," Turnour says. "We were aware Armstrong's new film wouldn't get here, so we offered to run it. Not only would it allow us to show other films in the series which haven't been shown in a while, but it would also allow us to show a new print of The Last Days of Chez Nous [Armstrong's fictional Australian drama of 1992], which we haven't shown in Canberra yet."
In July and August, Arc Cinema will also screen a variety of Australian films from the late 1950s and early 1960s. As with many contemporary Australian films, films of this period, such as Frank Zinnemann's classic The Sundowners were a controversial mix of Hollywood influence and storytelling, alongside supposed depictions of Australian culture and identity. And as with contemporary Australian film, the line between what was a true reflection of Australian life, and what was mere romanticising for the sake of Hollywood acclaim, was quite blurred.
Importantly, however, films of this period were the last to be made before Australian film's hiatus (with close to no films being produced between 1960-1966) and then its re-birth in the 1960s and 1970s, of which Armstrong was integrally a part. By experiencing films of the 50s alongside Armstrong's productions, audiences will observe the dramatic shift in style and influence of Australian filmmakers between generations.
"Armstrong is important because she was part of that first generation who were brought up with an awareness of just how bad things were in the Australian film industry," says Turnour. "[She] went to AFTRS' (Australian Film Television and Radio School) first ever class, and was one of the very first people to get formal film training. You see films from the 50s and 60s, and the drought that followed, and then you see the re-building of our film industry by people like Armstrong and others in her generation, during the 70s."
Armstrong is widely known for her period dramas, including My Brilliant Career, Little Women, and Charlotte Gray. However, it is her depiction of Australian life – particularly the role of women – which has been her greatest contribution to Australian cinema. "Armstrong has always used the documentaries and Kerry, Josie and Diana to chart the impact that feminism has had on Australian society," Turnour says. "Importantly, her films show, over time, how some aspects of feminism have become deeply integrated into Australian life, whereas in some ways, things haven't changed."
Armstrong's focus on female subject matters has also set her apart in her international features. Her films constantly depict female heroines and protagonists in very strong roles and – like her documentaries – aim to capture the mood of a particular period through the lives, identity and experiences of particular women.
"Only 5% of Hollywood films are directed by women. Even in Iran, 25% are directed by women," Turnour points out. "Armstrong's films are quite unusual, in an Australian or Hollywood context, as they show women in strong roles - not in chick-flick roles - and often in unusual historical circumstances."
Another Australian film to be shown in the coming months at Arc will be Andrew Lancaster's new film, Accidents Happen. A coming of age film starring Geena Davis, it is set in 1980s US but was shot entirely in northern Sydney. As well as gaining acclaim throughout the US and Australia, it again reflects the particular dynamic of Australian cinema and its North American counterpart.
"Back in the 50s and 60s, there were lots of American films shot and set in Australia. Now, we have an Australian film which was written and shot in Australia, but set in the US, so again the whole idea of what an 'Australian' film is, is brought into question," Turnour says. "Controversy over the depiction of Australian identity is something that certainly never goes away."
The Last Days of Chez Nous and Love Lust and Lies will screen at Arc Cinema on Saturday August 7 at 2pm and 4pm respectively. At 5:30pm Armstrong will join audiences in conversation about both films and her career. For more information on other Australian films screening at Arc in July and August, visit http://www.nfsa.afc.gov.au/whats_on/arc